Film theory seeks to develop concise, logical concepts that apply to the study of film as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The origin of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Béla Balázs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film be different from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. André Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically replicate reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More current analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics with other things has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
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